Organized by Russia and Turkey, talks in Astana on Syria ended on 24 January with two results. The first, of a diplomatic nature, was the statement in which these two States and Iran agree to strengthen the fragile truce, approved in late December, after the capture of Aleppo by the government forces.Second, the military result was the resumption of fighting between moderate rebels and jihadists in the provinces of Idlib and Aleppo: they are sharply intensified, reaching an unprecedented three year mark. This is one of the unwritten rules of the Syrian crisis: lull in fighting rebels and loyalists means the rise of the bloodshed in the camp of Assad’s opponents.